SENTENCE
CONTRUCTIONS
There
are two type of sentence contructions in English, Active and Passive
Contructions or usually called Active Voice and Passive Voice. In active
sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the
thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active. Whereas In
passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the
sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of
the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing
receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also
use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do
not want to mention who is doing the action.
To
change the active voice to the passive voice, we much use the appropeiate tense
of ‘tobe’ and the ‘past participle’ (verb-3) of the verb in the active
sentence. First find the sibject, then the predicate (verb) and the object
(complement) of the active sentenct. Look at the examples below :
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing
receiving action]
Examples:
[Thing
receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing
action]
Examples:
Active / Passive Overview
|
|
Active
|
Passive
|
|
Simple Present
|
Once a
week, Tom cleans the house.
|
Once a
week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
|
|
Present
Continuous
|
Right now,
Sarah is writing the letter.
|
Right now,
the letter is being written by Sarah.
|
|
Simple
Past
|
Sam repaired the
car.
|
The
car was repaired by Sam.
|
|
Past
Continuous
|
The
salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into
the store.
|
The
customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief
came into the store.
|
|
Present
Perfect
|
Many
tourists have visited that castle.
|
That
castle has been visited by many tourists.
|
|
Present
Perfect Continuous
|
Recently,
John has been doing the work.
|
Recently,
the work has been being done by John.
|
|
Past
Perfect
|
George had
repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.
|
Many
cars had been repaired by George before he received his
mechanic's license.
|
|
Past
Perfect Continuous
|
Chef
Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners
for two years before he moved to Paris.
|
The
restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by
Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris.
|
|
Simple
Future
will |
Someone will
finish the work by 5:00 PM.
|
The
work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
|
|
Simple
Future
be going to |
Sally is
going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.
|
A
beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
|
|
Future
Continuous
will |
At 8:00 PM
tonight, John will be washing the dishes.
|
At 8:00 PM
tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John.
|
|
Future
Continuous
be going to |
At 8:00 PM
tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes.
|
At 8:00 PM
tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John.
|
|
Future
Perfect
will |
They will
have completed the project before the deadline.
|
The
project will have been completed before the deadline.
|
|
Future
Perfect
be going to |
They are
going to have completed the project before the deadline.
|
The
project is going to have been completed before the deadline.
|
|
Future
Perfect Continuous
will |
The famous
artist will have been painting the mural for over six months
by the time it is finished.
|
The
mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for
over six months by the time it is finished.
|
|
Future
Perfect Continuous
be going to |
The famous
artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six
months by the time it is finished.
|
The
mural is going to have been being painted by the famous
artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
|
|
Used to
|
Jerry used
to pay the bills.
|
The
bills used to be paid by Jerry.
|
|
Would
Always
|
My
mother would always make the pies.
|
The
pies would always be made by my mother.
|
|
Future in
the Past
Would |
I knew
John would finish the work by 5:00 PM.
|
I knew the
work would be finished by 5:00 PM.
|
|
Future in
the Past
Was Going to |
I thought
Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.
|
I thought
a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight.
|
Note :
Phases : by
her, by him, by me, by you are called ‘the agent’ or ‘by phases’ or the ‘doer’.
In normal condition we needn’t use ‘by phases’, except it is required.
E.g. Active :
PoeplemakeHonda in Japan.
S P O
Passive : Honda ismade in Japan (without by people)
be V3
Active :
Hehurthis leg in the accident.
S
P O
Passive: His leg washurt in the
accident (without by him)
Be
v3
Active :
No onehas openedthis box for the last ten years.
S P
O
Passive : This box has not beenopened
for the last ten years.
Be
V3
First find
the subject, the predicate and the object.
Be : is used
after model auxiliaries : can, may, must, shall, will.
Am, is, are
: used when the sentence is in the present tense.
Was &
were : used when the sentence is in the past tense.
Been : Is
used when the sentence is in the perfect tense.
An adverd of
manner is usually put immeditely in front of the past participle it qualifies.
e.g. Active : Theymakethis
chairvery well.
S
P O adverb of
manner
Passive
: This chair is very wellmade.
Adverb of
manner V3
Active : The maidwill look afteryour childwell.
S P O Adverb of manner
Passive : Your child will be welllooked
after.
Adverb of manner V3
The verb in
the active – voice sometimes take two objects.
e.g. Someonegavemea
very interesting bookà Active
S P
O1 O2
a. I was given a very interesting book à Passive 1
b. A very interesting book was given to me à Passive 2
In english
it is more usedto make the personal object (a) becomes the subject of the
passive voice.
Example Active à Passive
1. A : People built this bridge about five years ago.
P : This bridge
was built about five years ago.
2. A : You should serve this soup when it is still hot.
P : This
soup should be served when it is still hot.
3. A : Peopleformerly used the Tower of London as a
prison
P : The
tower of londen was formerly used as a prison
4. A : Someone has broken two of my dinner plates
P : Two of
my dinner plates have been broken
5. A : Somebody has invited you to dinner tomorrow
evening
B : You have
been invited to dinner tomorrow evening
6. A : My sister wa given a ticket
P : A ticket
was given to my sister
7. A : We are promised higher salary
P : Higher
salary is promised to us
8. A : You will be asked several questions
P : Several questions will be asked to you
9. A : Rendra has written these short stories.
P : These
short stories have been written by Rendra
10. A : Did the noise frighten you ?
P : Were you
frightened by the noise ?
Example Passive à Active
1. P :Tonight, all
the homework will be finished by Diana
A : Diana will
finish all the homework tonight.
2.
P : The work will have been completed by my father
tomorrow morning
A :My father
will have completed the work tomorrow morning.
3.
P : The Dark Knight Rises had been watched by the man
A :The man had
watched The Dark Knight Rises
4.
P : The
noodle was being cooked by Franda
A : Franda was cooking the noodle
5.
P : The
letter was printed by them last night
A : They printed the letter last night
6.
P : The book
is brought by her
A : She brings the book
7.
P : The
floor is being cleaned by Daneil
A : Daniel is cleaning the floor
8.
P : The
English books have been given back by the students
A : The student have given the English book back
9.
P : The
police gave the boy on million reward
A : The boy was given I million reward by the police
10. P : Were you frightened by the noise ?
A : Did the noise frighten you ?
Referensi :
http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2014/11/contoh-kalimat-aktif-pasif-dalam-bahasa-inggris-di-berbagai-tenses.html
